Experts

Daron Acemoglu is a Professor of Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He began as an Assistant Professor there in 1993, following the completion of his PhD from the London School of Economics in 1992. He is a Research Associate for the National Bureau of Economic Research and the Centre for Economic Policy Research, and he is a Research Affiliate for the Centre for Economic Performance at the London School of Economics. Furthermore, Dr Acemoglu is Editor of the Review of Economics and Statistics, and a member of the Editorial Board of the Journal of Economic Growth and the Quarterly Journal of Economics. He became a member of CIAR's Economic Growth and Policy Program in January 2000 and is now participating in the Institute’s two-year initiative on Economic Growth and Institutions. Dr Acemoglu's professional interests include income and wage inequality, human capital and training, economic growth, technical change, search theory, and political economy. His current research involves the political economy of development, institutional development, and technical change.

Nicole Ball is a Senior Fellow at the Center for International Policy in Washington, DC and a Visiting Senior Research Fellow at the Center for International Development and Conflict Management at the University of Maryland, College Park (CIDCM), where she focuses on security sector governance. Since 1998, Ms Ball has consulted for the UK, the US, the Netherlands, Germany, the UNDP, the OECD Development Assistance Committee, and the World Bank on issues relating to security sector governance. Current projects include conducting an evaluation of the disarmament, demobilization and reintegration program in Sierra Leone for the Government of Sierra Leone and the World Bank, advising a project led by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute and the African Security Dialogue & Research which examines defense budgeting processes in eight African countries, and writing a background paper on security-sector reform in post-conflict environments for USAID.

Robert Bates is the Eaton Professor of the Science of Government at Harvard University, where he has studied and provided consulting assistance in the areas of governmental reform, economic policy reform and political economy. Since 1968, Dr Bates has worked in Zambia, the Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, Colombia and Brazil. Dr Bates has focused much of his work on East and West Africa and has published widely on issues of public policy, agricultural policy and economic policy reform in these regions. He currently focuses on civil conflict. Dr Bates’ most recent book is entitled Prosperity and Violence (2001). He has previously held appointments at the California Institute of Technology and Duke University and has been a researcher at the Institute of Development Studies of the University of Nairobi, the Institute for Social Research of the University of Zambia and Fedesarrollo in Bogotá, Colombia. Dr Bates received his PhD from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Kenneth Bollen received his BA in Sociology from Drew University (1973) and his PhD in Sociology from Brown University (1977). He is currently the director of the Odum Institute for Research in Social Science and since 1985 has been Associate Professor in Sociology at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Dr Bollen’s responsibilities at UNC-CH also include serving as adjunct professor in Statistics and on the Statistical Core of the Carolina Population Center. Current research projects include the following: “SES in Population and Health Studies in Developing Countries,” funded by a MEASURE-USAID grant; “Innovative latent curve models of adolescent drug use,” funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse of NIH; and, “Democracy and Democratization: Social Conditions, Institutional Forms, Transitions,” funded by a NSF Graduate Traineeship Award. Recent publications include Subjective Measures of Liberal Democracy (with P. Paxton) Comparative Political Studies (2000), Cross National Indicators of Liberal Democracy, 1950-90, funded by NSF and presented to ICPSR in 1998, and Detection and Determinants of Bias in Subjective Measures (with P. Paxton), American Sociological Review (1998).

Dan Brumberg was a Randolph Peace Fellow at the US Institute of Peace, where he pursued a study of power sharing in the Middle East and Southeast Asia. In 1997, he was a Mellon Junior Fellow at Georgetown University and a visiting fellow at the International Forum on Democratic Studies. Prior to this, he taught at the Department of Political Science at Emory University, and he was a visiting fellow in the Middle East Program in the Jimmy Carter Center. Dr Brumberg also taught at the University of Chicago. In addition, he has authored many articles on political and social change in the Middle East and wider Islamic world. With a grant from the MacArthur Foundation, he currently works on a comparative study of power sharing experiments in Algeria, Kuwait, and Indonesia. Dr Brumberg is a member of several boards, including the editorial board of the Journal of Democracy and the advisory board of the International Forum on Democratic Studies. Dr Brumberg is also chairman of the non-profit Foundation on Democratization and Political Change in the Middle East. He has worked closely with a number of NGOs in the Arab world, including the Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs (PASSIA).

Charles Cadwell is the Director/Principal Investigator of the IRIS Center at the University of Maryland. With Professor Mancur Olson, Charles Cadwell established the IRIS Center at the University of Maryland, College Park in 1990. In 1998, upon Olson’s death, the University chose Cadwell to head the IRIS Center. Supported by the IRIS team in College Park and overseas, as well as the Economics Department and other UMCP faculty, he is responsible for IRIS’s activities in College Park and in field programs around the globe. A lawyer, Cadwell has more than 25 years experience in economic reform, research and management. In addition to his leadership of the Center, he has focused on the political economy of reform, development of legal and judicial reforms and the relationship of institutions to economic development. He has been deeply involved in IRIS programs in economic liberalization in Nepal, commercial law reform in Russia and regulatory relief in Romania. He has represented IRIS around the globe in research, technical assistance and reform activities. His most recent publication is Market Augmenting Government, edited with Omar Azfar. Prior to joining the University of Maryland, Cadwell worked on both research and economic reform activities in both the private and public sectors. In private law practice and then at the White House Office of Consumer Affairs, he pursued legislative and regulatory programs to deregulate transportation markets in the US — making entry easier, expanding operating flexibility and providing consumers with more competitive options in the rail, trucking and household goods moving industries. He also worked on similar efforts for the dairy and telecommunications industries. As Deputy Chief Counsel for Advocacy at the US Small Business Administration, he oversaw the US Government’s primary program for assuring regulatory analysis, review and participation for small business. This effort led to modifications in regulations saving billions for small firms in the US. The related research program documented the job contribution of small firms to US economic growth and the impact of a wide variety of regulations. Issues from taxation, environmental regulation, trade and local economic development were the focus of the program. He helped lead the 1986 White House Conference on Small Business, with policy-focused sessions in all 50 states.

Thomas D. Cook is interested in social science research methodology, program evaluation, whole school reform, and contextual factors that influence adolescent development, particularly for urban minorities. Dr Cook has written or edited ten books and published numerous articles and book chapters. He received the Myrdal Prize for Science from the Evaluation Research Society in 1982, the Donald Campbell Prize for Innovative Methodology from the Policy Sciences Organization in 1988, and the Distinguished Scientist Award of Division 5 of the American Psychological Association in 1997. He is a trustee of the Russell Sage Foundation and a member of its Committee on the Future of Work. Dr Cook was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in April 2000 and was inducted as the Margaret Mead Fellow of the American Academy of Political and Social Science in April 2003. Dr Cook received his PhD in Communication Research from Stanford University in 1967.

Uri Dadush is director of the development prospects group at the World Bank, and as such, is responsible for the Bank’s Global Economic Prospects and Global Development Finance reports. He joined the Bank in 1992, where he was division chief for international economic analysis and prospects until 1997. Prior to that, he was the president and CEO of the Economist Intelligence Unit and Business International in London and New York. He was also an economist to the group vice president in Data Resources, Inc./McGraw-Hill, in Lexington (Mass.), Brussels and London, and a senior consultant in McKinsey & Company. Mr Dadush, a French national, received his PhD in Business Economics from Harvard University, and a BA and MA in Economics from Hebrew University.

Gérard Depayre is the Deputy Head of the European Commission’s Washington Delegation. Prior to this appointment, he was Head of Policy Planning in the European Commission’s Directorate General for External Relations in Brussels. He joined the European Commission in 1976 and has spent most of his career working on the European Union’s external economic and trade relations. He has extensive experience in trade relations with the EU’s major partners, having served as Deputy Director General for EU trade policy and relations with North America, Asia, Australia, New Zealand, NAFTA and APEC from 1996 to 1999. In this capacity, he was the Commission’s negotiator for China’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), led the implementation of the Transatlantic Economic Partnership (to eliminate remaining obstacles to trade and investment between the US and the EU), and negotiated the May 1998 agreements to settle the transatlantic dispute over the extraterritorial effects of US sanctions legislation (Helms Burton and D’Amato Acts). A native of Cognac, France, he completed undergraduate and graduate degrees in Law and Economics at the University of Paris.

Anna Dickson is a Lecturer on the Political Economy of Development in the Department of Politics at the University of Durham in the United Kingdom. Her recent publications include three articles: The Sugar Protocol in S. Dearden (ed.), The European Union and the Commonwealth Caribbean, Ashgate, 2002; The Demise of the Lome Protocols: Revising European Development Policy, European Foreign Affairs Review, 5, 2000; and Bridging the Gap: Great Expectations for EU Development Policy, Current Politics and Economics in Europe, Vol. 9, No. 3, 2000. Her recent conference and external consultancy projects include the following papers: Globalization and Regionalism in the Making and Unmaking of Caribbean Trade Policy, Caribbean Studies Association, Belize, May 2003 and the Caribbean Studies Association, Bristol, July 2003; and Concerning Trade: EC Development Policy and Its Unconcern with Preferences, presented at UWE, Bristol, April 2003. Dr Dickson received her PhD in International Relations from the University of Southamptom, UK. She received her Diploma in Development Studies from Cambridge University, UK and her BS in International Relations from the University of the West Indies, Jamaica.

Geoffrey Garrett is Vice Provost and Dean of the International Institute, Director of the Burkle Center for International Relations, and Professor of Political Science at UCLA. Garrett has previously been on the faculties of Yale University, the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, Stanford University and Oxford University. He has been a fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences and a National Fellow of the Hoover Institution. His undergraduate education was at the Australian National University (BA 1981), and he holds MA (1984) and PhD (1990) degrees from Duke University. Garrett is author of Partisan Politics in the Global Economy (Cambridge University Press, 1998) and has written widely on numerous aspects of international politics, economics and law. He is currently working on a book entitled Globalization Facts and Globalization Fictions. Outside UCLA, Garrett is an active member of the Pacific Council on International Policy.

Jack Goldstone is a Research Fellow at the Mercatus Center and the Virginia E. and John T. Hazel Professor at George Mason University School of Public Policy. His research interests include revolutions and social movements, demography and international security and social theory. Professor Goldstone has conducted over twenty years of prize-winning research on social conflict and social change, focusing on global patterns of comparative development. He has held various visiting and permanent appointments at Northwestern University, The University of California, the California Institute of Technology and the University of Cambridge. He has acted as a consultant to the World Bank, the White House and the Central Intelligence Agency. His research success has led to many opportunities to work with various organizations such as the Woodrow Wilson Center, Social Sciences Research Council, American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the National Science Foundation. He most recently worked at the University of California, Davis where he directed the Center for History, Society, and Culture as well as teaching Sociology (1989-present) and International Relations (1992-2003).

Jacqueline Grapin is the President and co-founder of The European Institute and the publisher of European Affairs, a publication of the European Institute. The Institute is the leading European-American public policy organization in Washington. She is an economist and an expert in European integration and transatlantic economic and strategic issues. During her career, she held the positions of Economic Editor and Staff Writer for Le Monde, Director General of the Interavia Publishing Group in Geneva, and was an economic correspondent in the United States for Le Figaro. She was also Editor-in-Chief of Europa, a joint publication of Le Monde, The Times of London, Die Welt, and La Stampa. Mrs Grapin holds degrees in political science from the Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris; in business management from HEC, Paris; in law from Paris I; and in strategic studies from the Institut des Hautes Etudes de Défense Nationale. She is the author of several books including La Guerre Civile Mondiale, Radioscopie des Etats Unis, Forteresse America and Pacific America. She recently published a report on Transatlantic Interoperability in Defense Industries. Mrs Grapin is an Officer in the French Legion of Honor. She is a Counselor to the French government on foreign trade, a Trustee Emeritus of the Aspen Institute in the US and Vice President of Aspen France. Mrs Grapin serves on the Advisory Council of the Kogod College of Business Administration of American University in Washington; the Board of Directors of the French American Chamber of Commerce in Washington; and the humanitarian organization Action Against Hunger (AAH-USA) in New York.

Avner Greif is currently the Bowman Family Professor in the Department of Humanities and Sciences at Stanford University. His research interests include: European economic history, specifically the historical development of economic institutions, their interrelations with political, social and cultural factors and their impact on economic growth. He is currently researching institutional development and economic growth in pre-modern Europe. Dr Greif’s recent publications include: Analytic Narratives, Oxford University Press, 1998; Cultural Beliefs and the Organization of Society: Historical and Theoretical Reflection on Collectivist and Individualist Societies, The Journal of Political Economy, (October 1994); and Coordination, Commitment and Enforcement: The Case of the Merchant Gild (with Paul Milgrom and Barry Weingast), The Journal of Political Economy, (August 1994).

Jonathan Haughton is currently an Assistant Professor of Economics at Suffolk University in Boston and a Faculty Associate at the Harvard Institute for International Development. Mr Haughton received his PhD in Economics from Harvard University in 1983. A prize-winning teacher, he has taught or done research in over 20 countries on four continents and is the author of over two dozen scholarly articles and chapters. He currently heads a project that is examining excise taxation in Africa (under USAID’s EAGER project). He co-edited the book Health and Wealth in Vietnam: An Analysis of Household Living Standards, which was published recently by the ISEAS Press in Singapore.

Robert Hefner is Professor of Anthropology, Associate Director of the Institute for the Study of Economic Culture (ISEC) and a Research Fellow working in the program on Religion and Democracy at the Institute for Religion and World Affairs (IRWA) at Boston University. From 1994- 2001, he directed the Program in Civil Society and Democracy at ISEC. From 1998-2001, he directed a project for the Ford Foundation entitled “Southeast Asian Pluralisms: Social Resources for Civility and Participation in Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia.” During 1999-2001, he worked with the Institute for Islam and Society (LKIS), a Muslim non-governmental organization in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, in a research and training program on citizenship, pluralism and civic peace. Hefner’s newest project is “Civil Democratic Islam: Prospects and Policies for a Plural Muslim World.” Sponsored by the Pew Charitable Trusts in cooperation with the Institute for Religion and World Affairs at Boston University, this comparative and multi-disciplinary project will bring together a team of senior scholars to examine supports for and obstacles to pluralist democratization across the Muslim world.

Geert Heikens is head of Economic, Financial and Development Affairs at the Delegation of the European Commission where he is responsible for liaising with the US Administration, the World Bank, the IMF and the Inter-American Development Bank, among other institutions. In 2000, he was appointed Counselor for Development with the Delegation and from 1997-2000 he worked with the Directorate General for Development with the European Commission in Brussels. In this capacity, he was responsible for macroeconomic support programs for the Caribbean and several Sub-Saharan African countries. Previously at the Commission, Mr Heikens also worked with the Middle East and Southern Mediterranean Department. He joined the Commission in 1987 and began by working on cooperation programs for small and medium-sized enterprises. From 1980-1987, he followed a diplomatic career with the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs and served in Venezuela, the Dutch Ministry (European Economic Cooperation) and Singapore. Mr Heikens received a Masters Degree in Economic Policy from Groningen State University in the Netherlands and also graduated from the College of Europe in Bruges, Belgium with a degree in European Integration.

George Ingram has devoted his professional life to international public policy by working in the Congress, the Executive Branch, the non-profit sector and many programs related to Russia and the former Soviet Union. For over twenty years, he was a senior staff member of the House of Representatives Committee on Foreign Affairs where he was responsible for international economic and development issues, including directing a year-long study of US foreign assistance programs and drafting the laws authorizing assistance to Eastern and Central Europe and to the former Soviet Union. In the mid-90s he served as Vice President of Citizens Democracy Corps and went on to become the Principal Deputy Assistant Administrator of the Agency for International Development with primary responsibility for US assistance programs in the former Soviet Union. In addition to his work with the Basic Education Coalition, a group that advocates greater priority for basic education in development programs, he also currently serves as President of the US Global Leadership Campaign, a consortium that advocates for greater resources for US international affairs activities.

Ambassador Tariq Karim joined the IRIS Center in February 2002 as Senior Advisor to its Democracy and Governance Program. Prior to this appointment, he served as Bangladesh’s Ambassador to the United States. In 1999, Ambassador Karim joined the University of Maryland at College Park as a Distinguished International Executive in Residence pursuant to a Ford Foundation Fellowship, to pursue academic research on South and Central Asia, China and Iran. Prior to 1999, he worked for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Bangladesh, where he held numerous positions, including ambassadorships to Iran, Lebanon, South Africa, and the US. In the Foreign Ministry’s early stages, Ambassador Karim played an important role in organizing the ministry’s departments, including the department for Middle East and African Affairs. As Additional Foreign Secretary with responsibility for the South Asian region, he played a seminal role in helping the then newly elected Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina in formulating strategy for normalization of relations with India, including the ending of cross border insurgency problems that had plagued relations between the two countries for over two decades. The Prime Minister of Bangladesh entrusted him with a critically important role in negotiating and finalizing for signature the important 30-year Ganges Water Sharing Treaty with India (signed in December 1996), which marked a watershed in relations between the two neighbors. Ambassador Karim adopted bold and innovative approaches in the negotiations, which enabled finalization of the treaty.

Steve Krasner is the Graham H. Stuart Professor of International Relations at Stanford He is also a senior fellow at Stanford University’s Institute for International Studies. Prior to coming to Stanford University in 1991, Steve Krasner taught at Harvard University and the University of California, Los Angeles. In 2001, he served as a member of the Policy Planning Staff at the Department of State. The following year, he became Director for Governance and Development for the National Security Council. Professor Krasner’s work focuses on issues of market failure and distributional conflict in international political economy and the historical practices of sovereignty especially with regard to domestic autonomy and non-intervention. His opinion pieces and book reviews have appeared in the Wall Street Journal, New York Times, as well as numerous scholarly journals. He received his PhD from Harvard University in Political Science as well as a BA in History from Cornell University and a Masters from Columbia University’s School of International Affairs.

Timur Kuran is Professor of Economics and Law and King Faisal Professor of Islamic Thought and Culture at the University of Southern California. His teaching and research draw on multiple disciplines including economics, political science, sociology, psychology, history, and legal studies. He has written extensively on the evolution of preferences and institutions with theoretical contributions to the study of hidden preferences, the unpredictability of social revolutions, the dynamics of ethnic conflict and the evolution of morality. His best known theoretical work is Private Truths, Public Lies: The Social Consequences of Preference Falsification (Harvard University Press) which deals with the repercussions of being dishonest about what one knows and wants. Since its original publication in 1995, this book has appeared in German, Swedish and Turkish. Since 1990, Kuran has been the founding editor of an interdisciplinary book series published by the University of Michigan Press. He also serves on the editorial boards of seven scholarly journals. In 1989-90, he was a member of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton and in 1996-97 he held the John Olin Visiting professorship at the University of Chicago’s Graduate School of Business.

Charles Kurzman joined the University of North Carolina (UNC), Chapel Hill in 2003 as an Associate Professor of Sociology. In addition, he serves as the Associate Director of the Carolina Center for the Study of the Middle East and Muslim Civilizations. Prior to this appointment at UNC, Dr Kurzman served as a Visiting Member of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey and as an Assistant Professor at UNC and Georgia State University. Dr Kurzman has authored and edited several books on Islam, including The Unthinkable Revolution in Iran (2004), Liberal Islam (1998) and Modernist Islam (2002). In addition, he has written articles on Islamic movements for both academic and popular audiences. His work has been translated and published in Bosnia, Indonesia, Iran, and Turkey.

Dr Phebe Marr, an Arabist and a leading specialist on Iraq, has lived and worked in Iraq, Saudi Arabia and Lebanon and has traveled extensively in North Africa, South Asia and East Asia. Dr Marr received a BA in International Relations with honors from Barnard College, an MA in Middle East studies from Radcliffe College and a PhD in History and Middle East studies from Harvard University (1967). She served as a research analyst for the Arabian American Oil Company (1960-62) in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia and as chair of the Near East and North Africa program at the Foreign Service Institute (1963-66). She has been a fellow of the Center for Middle Eastern Studies at Harvard and an associate professor of Middle East history at the University of Tennessee, as well as at California State University, Stanislaus. She was a senior fellow at the Institute for National Strategic Studies at the National Defense University, retiring from the US government in 1997. In 1998 and 1999, she was a fellow at the Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars in Washington, DC. Dr Marr is on the editorial board of the Middle East Journal and is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations and the Middle East Institute. She is also author of The Modern History of Iraq, originally published in 1985; a second edition was released in October 2003.

Patrick Meagher is Associate Director of the Center for Institutional Reform and the Informal Sector (IRIS) of the University of Maryland. He has extensive experience in the analysis of legal and administrative responses to corruption. His research and advisory work also deals with decentralization, contract enforcement, and institutional frameworks for medium- and small-scale finance. Mr Meagher has worked in Africa, the various regions of Asia, the Middle East, Central and Eastern Europe, and Latin America. His recent projects include an in-depth comparative study of anti-corruption agencies, empirical research on the effects of decentralization on public sector governance and performance, and a series of case studies concerning responses to corruption. Mr Meagher recently served on a panel of distinguished advisors to East Timor on the design of its post-independence Ombudsman institution. His writings have appeared in several journals and books on economics, development, and law. Mr Meagher holds a JD from Harvard University, and has practiced law and lectured on comparative law, development, and corruption.

Branko Milanovic is the Lead Economist in the World Bank research department, working on topics of income inequality, globalization and political economy in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. Milanovic obtained a PhD in Economics in 1987 from Belgrade University, Yugoslavia and his dissertation dealt with income inequality in Yugoslavia. He has also held positions as World Bank country economist for Poland and as a research fellow at the Institute of Economic Sciences in Belgrade. In 1996, Milanovic joined Johns Hopkins University’s School for Advanced International Studies, serving as a visiting professor teaching the economics of transition. In October 2003, he joined the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace as a senior associate on a two-year assignment with the Global Policy Program. Milanovic will focus his Carnegie research on globalization and world income distribution, as well as the interaction between politics, reform and inequality in transition countries.

Rumi Morishima is a PhD candidate in the Department of Sociology at The Ohio State University. She expects to complete her PhD in December 2005, with her dissertation entitled, Democracy, Subcultural Pluralism and Civil War Outbreak. Ms Morishima’s research interests include cross-national studies of development, inequality, political violence, social movements, and democratic transitions in least-developed countries.

Nicola Mousset-Jones joined the IRIS Center in July 2002 as the Program Manager on the Indonesia projects. Prior to joining IRIS, she served as a curriculum developer with the Higher Achievement Mentor Program and worked at the Academy for Educational Development as a technical operations coordinator and a program specialist, focusing on educational exchanges with Botswana. In addition, she has experience in grant writing, budgeting, nonprofit accounting and annual report writing with overseas experience in Swaziland, Kenya, and Ghana.

Dr Vali Nasr is a Professor in the Department of National Security Affairs at the Naval Postgraduate School. He joined NPS in 2003 after teaching at the University of San Diego, University of California, San Diego and Tufts University. He is the author of The Islamic Leviathan: Islam and the Making of State Power (Oxford University Press, 2001); Mawdudi and the Making of Islamic Revivalism (Oxford University Press, 1996); The Vanguard of the Islamic Revolution: The Jama‘at-i Islami of Pakistan (University of California Press, 1994); editor of, Muslim World, Special Issue on South Asian Islam, 87:3 (July-October 1997); an editor of Oxford Dictionary of Islam (Oxford University Press, 2003); and co-editor with S.H. Nasr and Hamid Dabashi of Expectation of the Millennium: Shi‘ism in History (SUNY Press, 1989). His works on Political Islam and Comparative Politics of South Asia and the Middle East has been published in Comparative Politics, Asian Survey, Middle East Journal, International Journal of Middle East Studies, Political Science Quarterly, Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, SAIS Review, The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs, Modern Asian Studies, Studies in Contemporary Islam, Cahiers d’Etudes sur la Mediterranee Orientale et le Monde Turco- Iranien, International Review of Comparative Public Policy, Harvard International Review, International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society, Contention, Middle Eastern Studies, The Muslim World, World & I, as well as numerous edited volumes on the Middle East, South Asia, Political Islam and Comparative Politics. He has contributed to Oxford Encyclopedia of Modern Islam, The Encyclopedia of Politics and Religion and The Encyclopedia of Politics and Religion. His works have been translated into Arabic, Indonesian, Chinese and Urdu. Dr Nasr has been the recipient of grants from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, The Harry Frank Guggenheim Foundation, Social Science Research Council and the American Institute of Pakistan Studies. He teaches courses on Comparative Politics, International Political Economy, South Asia and Political Islam. Dr Nasr earned his degrees from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (PhD, 1991), the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy (MALD, 1984) and Tufts University (BA, 1983).

Ronald J. Oakerson is currently serving as the Academic Vice President and Dean of Houghton College as well as Professor of Political Science. From 1989 to 1994, Professor Oakerson served as a consultant on policy reform to USAID in Cameroon and later to USAID’s Africa Bureau on democratic governance reform. He served for 10 years as a member of the National Rural Studies Committee and later as a member of the American Political Science Association's Task Force on Civic Education for the Next Century. From 1985-88, he was a senior analyst with the US Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations where he directed the Commission’s program on metropolitan governance. He previously taught at Marshall University, and from 1988-92 he was a research scholar with the Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis at Indiana University, Bloomington. Oakerson is a former member of the Panel on Common Property Resource Management of the National Resource Council and was a coeditor of Making the Commons Work: Theory, Practice, and Policy (1992). He is the author of Governing Local Public Economies: Creating the Civic Metropolis (1999) and numerous journal articles and book chapters on metropolitan governance and international development, written from the perspective of institutional analysis and design.

Wally Oates, Professor, received his PhD from Stanford University in 1965. He taught at Princeton University 1965-1979 and joined the University of Maryland faculty in 1979. He has served on numerous advisory groups for public policy and as President of the Eastern Economic Association (1989-90) and the Southern Economic Association (1994-95). His major research interests have been in two fields: public finance with a special interest in fiscal federalism and environmental economics. Currently his research efforts address the international dimensions of environmental policy and issues concerning fiscal decentralization in both industrialized and developing countries. Publications include: Fiscal Federalism, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1972; The Theory of Environmental Policy (second edition, with W. Baumol), Cambridge University Press, 1988; Studies in Fiscal Federalism, Edward Elgar, 1991; Environmental Economics: A Survey (with Maureen Cropper), Journal of Economic Literature, 1992; The Economics of the Environment, Edward Elgar, 1992; The Economics of Environmental Regulation, Edward Elgar, 1996; and An Essay of Fiscal Federalism, Journal of Economic Literature, 1999.

Pamela Paxton joined The Ohio State University in 1998 as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology and the Department of Political Science (by courtesy). In addition, she is a Faculty Associate at the Mershon Center for International Security and an Instructor at the Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research. Dr Paxton’s research interests include social capital, political sociology and democracy, methodology and gender stratification. She has authored numerous articles: Women’s Political Representation: The Importance of Ideology (with Sheri Kunovich, forthcoming), Social Forces; Structure and Sentiment: Explaining Attachment to Group (with James Moody, forthcoming), Social Psychology Quarterly; and, Social Capital and Democracy: An Interdependent Relationship, American Sociological Review 67:254-277 (2002).

Steven Radelet is a Senior Fellow at the Center for Global Development and works on issues related to foreign aid, developing country debt, economic growth and trade between rich and poor countries. He was Deputy Assistant Secretary of the US Treasury for Africa, the Middle East and Asia from January 2000 through June 2002. In that role, he had broad responsibilities for US financial relations with the countries in these regions, including debt repayments and rescheduling and programs with the international financial institutions. Dr Radelet holds a PhD and MPP from Harvard University and a BA from Central Michigan University. He was a faculty member at Harvard from 1990-2000, where he was a Fellow at the Harvard Institute for International Development (HIID), Director of the Institute’s Macroeconomics Program and a Lecturer on Economics and Public Policy. From 1991-95, he was HIID’s resident advisor on macroeconomic policy to the Indonesian Ministry of Finance and from 1986-88 served in a similar capacity with the Ministry of Finance and Trade in The Gambia. He was also a Peace Corps Volunteer in Western Samoa from 1981-83. His research and publications have focused on economic growth, financial crises and trade policy in developing countries, especially in sub- Saharan Africa and East Asia. He has written numerous articles in economics journals and other publications, and is co-author of a leading undergraduate economics textbook, Economics of Development.

Dietrich Rueschemeyer received his doctorate in sociology at the University of Cologne. Before coming to Brown, he taught at the University of Cologne, Dartmouth College and the University of Toronto. He also taught at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, the Free University of Berlin and the Free University of Brussels. He was one of the founders of the Center for the Comparative Study of Development, which merged into the Watson Institute. From 1997 to 2002, Professor Rueschemeyer led the Institute’s Political Economy and Development Program. His books include Power and the Division of Labour (Stanford University Press, 1986); Capitalist Development and Democracy (University of Chicago Press, 1992, co-authored with E. H. Stephens and J. D. Stephen); Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge University Press, 1985, co-edited with P.B. Evans and Th. Skocpol); States, Social Knowledge, and the Origins of Modern Social Policies (Princeton University Press, 1996, co-edited with Th. Skocpol); Participation and Democracy East and West: Comparisons and Interpretations (M. E. Sharpe, 1998, co-edited with M. Rueschemeyer and B. Wittrock); and Comparative Historical Analysis in the Social Sciences (Cambribge University Press, 2003, co-edited with J. Mahoney). He currently works on state formation and historical antecedents of socioeconomic development.

Brandie Sasser joined the IRIS Center as a Program Manager in December 2003. She is responsible for managing a portfolio of projects including, “Promoting Investment and Economic Growth” in Morocco, “Corruption in the Forestry Sector” in Romania, “The Role of the Shadow Economy in Mongolia,” and two projects aimed at assisting USAID’s development of new tools to improve development effectiveness. Ms Sasser has six years of experience in the field of International Development. She has worked extensively on evaluation and gender issues, in addition to poverty reduction and indigenous peoples issues. Prior to joining IRIS, she worked at the World Bank for four years in the Operations Evaluation Department, designing and conducting policy and country level evaluations. She has also worked for local and international NGOs. Her country experience includes Colombia, Honduras, India, Poland and Uganda. She holds an MA degree in International Development from American University and a BA degree in International Relations from Xavier University.

Tom Schelling came to the Maryland School of Public Affairs after twenty years at the John F. Kennedy School of Government, where he was the Lucius N. Littauer Professor of Political Economy. He has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Medicine, and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 1991 he was President of the American Economic Association, of which he is a Distinguished Fellow. He was the recipient of the Frank E. Seidman Distinguished Award in Political Economy and the National Academy of Sciences award for Behavioral Research Relevant to the Prevention of Nuclear War. He served in the Economic Cooperation Administration in Europe, and has held positions in the White House and Executive Office of the President, Yale University, the RAND Corporation and the Department of Economics and Center for International Affairs at Harvard University. He has published on military strategy and arms control, energy and environmental policy, climate change, nuclear proliferation, terrorism, organized crime, foreign aid and international trade, conflict and bargaining theory, racial segregation and integration, the military draft, health policy, tobacco and drugs policy, and ethical issues in public policy and in business.

Mitchell A. Seligson, is Centennial Professor of Political Science and Fellow, Center for the Americas, Vanderbilt University. He is the founder and Director of the Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP). His current publications and research activity can be found at www.lapopsurveys.org. Among his numerous previously held appointments are: Daniel H. Wallace Professor of Political Science and Director of the Center for Latin American Studies at the University of Pittsburgh (1986-1992), Residential Fellow at the Kellogg Institute, University of Notre Dame (Fall 1992) and Associate Professor in the Department of Political Science and Department of Latin American Studies at the University of Illinois, Chicago (1985-86). He is the author of many publications, including “La cultura política de la democracia boliviana. Serie: Así piensan los bolivianos”, # 60. La Paz: Encuestas & Estudios, 1999. He is also the editor of Development and Underdevelopment: The Political Economy of Global Inequality, with John Passé-Smith (1998) and has most recently authored “Decentralization, Local Government Performance, and System Support: A Study of Bolivia”, with Jon Hiskey for Studies in Comparative International Development. Dr Seligson received his PhD and Certificate in Latin American Studies from the University of Pittsburgh.

Joseph Siegle is an expert on democracy, development and post-conflict reconstruction. Prior to joining IRIS, Dr Siegle debated these issues as a senior fellow with the Council on Foreign Relations, where he published articles with The Financial Times, Wall Street Journal, International Herald Tribune, Los Angeles Times, Newsweek International, and the Christian Science Monitor. His views are guided by extensive cross-national research as well as programmatic experience from over 20 countries in Africa, Asia and the Balkans. This includes assignments in such weak states engaged in or emerging from conflict as Angola, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Sudan, Mozambique, Rwanda, Somalia, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Laos, Cambodia, and Kosovo. Dr Siegle has worked on projects related to agricultural production, small business creation, environmental rehabilitation, conflict resolution, refugee resettlement, nutrition, improving water access, literacy and primary health care.

Brian Silver earned his PhD in political science and a Certificate in Russian studies from the University of Wisconsin. He is currently the Director of the MSU State of the State Survey (SOSS), which is conducting a quarterly survey of Michigan’s adult population administered by the Institute for Public Policy and Social Research. He also teaches theories and methods of political research, population and politics, and comparative politics.

Wesley Snyder is an Assistant Vice President for Research and the Director of the International Projects Group at The University of Montana. He specializes in education policy, program evaluation, research design, methodology and curriculum implementation (e.g., syllabi, instructional materials, pedagogical guides, assessments). Dr Snyder was the principal investigator for the Northern Rockies Consortium for Space Privatization, where his outreach efforts increased public awareness of space research in microgravity environments. In addition, he led investigative efforts for NASA's earth science online teacher education program, where he focused on inquiry learning. Dr Snyder played a similar role with the Gates Foundation, which involved a state challenge grant in educational leadership and technology for administrators.

John Steinbruner, Director, Center for International and Security Studies at Maryland (CISSM), is one of the nation's leading experts on arms control, nuclear weapons, and Russian foreign policy. He is the director of the Center for International and Security Studies at Maryland (CISSM). He served for 18 years as Director of Foreign Policy Studies at the Brookings Institution, substantially expanding the scope of the program and attracted and engaged a variety of outstanding scholars. Prior to that appointment, Steinbruner held academic positions at Harvard and the Yale School of Organization. He has authored or co-authored five books, including The Cybernetic Theory of Decision, hailed a classic in the field of foreign policy decision making. His latest book, Principles of Global Security, was hailed a "masterpiece" by reviewers. He has also published numerous articles in professional and scholarly journals. Steinbruner has served on major commissions and advisory committees, including the Defense Policy Board, the Carnegie Commission on Preventing Deadly Conflict and the National Academy of Sciences Committee on International Security and Arms Control. He is also a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Robert Subrick recently completed his dissertation in economics at George Mason University, where he examined the effects of institutions on income inequality and economic development. Prior to joining the IRIS Center, he was managing editor of the Review of Austrian Economics and a Fellow at the James M. Buchanan Center for Political Economy. Since joining IRIS, his projects have included an analysis of trade liberalization on economic development. He has published articles on economic development and methodology and his current research examines the effect of religion on economic development. Dr Subrick holds a PhD from George Mason University and a BA/B.S. from the University of Delaware.

Karol Soltan is an Associate Professor in the Department of Government and Politics at the University of Maryland. Dr Soltan’s areas of expertise include: political economy, political theory, public choice, constitutional and legal theory, law and society and public policy. His research interests include: the development of a "constitutionalist" theory of collective choice, with applications in the spheres of democratic theory; theory of bargaining and game theory; legislation and public law; and theories of justice. He has contributed to Institutions and Social Order and is editor of The Constitution of Good Societies.

Peter Timmer of Development Alternatives Inc. (DAI) is a leading authority on the role of agriculture in economic development and food security in Asia. He has extensive experience as an advisor on food and agricultural policy to countries in East and Southeast Asia. His current research focuses on how to improve the connections between the process of economic growth and the alleviation of poverty. Dr Timmer also maintains research interests in global food security and the economic benefits of stabilizing the domestic prices of staple foods. He is author of the widely used text, Getting Prices Right: The Scope and Limits of Agricultural Price Policy, and the lead author of the prize-winning volume, Food Policy Analysis. Dr Timmer is also the contributing editor of Agriculture and the State: Growth, Employment and Poverty in Developing Countries and The Corn Economy of Indonesia. He has been a senior advisor to the World Bank on food and nutrition policy and on the reform process in Indonesia. He currently serves on a team advising the administration of Indonesia President Abdurrahman Wahid on the design of a new food policy for Indonesia. Dr Timmer held tenured professorships at Stanford University and Cornell University before serving for more than two decades on four faculties at Harvard University, where he ended his career as Thomas D. Cabot Professor of Development Studies. Dr Timmer served as dean of IR/PS from 1998 to 2000.

John Tirman of the Social Science Research Council (SSRC) earned his undergraduate degree at Indiana University (1972) and his PhD in Political Theory from Boston University (1981), where he studied with Howard Zinn, Alasdair MacIntyre, and Frances Fox Piven. He is author, or coauthor and editor, of six books on international security issues, including the Fallacy of Star Wars (1984), the first important critique of strategic defense, and Spoils of War: The Human Cost of America’s Arms Trade (1997), and has published more than 100 articles in periodicals such as the New York Times, Washington Post, World Policy Journal, Esquire, Wall Street Journal, Boston Review, and International Herald Tribune. From 1986 to 1999, he was executive director of the Winston Foundation for World Peace, a leading funder of work to prevent nuclear war and promote non-violent resolution of conflict. He is recipient of the U.N. Association’s Human Rights Award, and serves as a trustee of several NGOs, including International Alert (London). In 1999-2000, Tirman was Fulbright Senior Scholar in Cyprus and produced an educational Web site on the conflict, www.cyprus-conflict.net.

Barry Weingast is a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution as well as the Ward C. Krebs Family Professor in the Department of Political Science at Stanford University; he served as chair of that department from 1996 to 2001. He is also a professor of economics, by courtesy, at the university. Weingast is an expert in political economy and public policy, the political foundation of markets and economic reform, U.S. politics, and regulation. His current research focuses on the political determinants of public policymaking and the political foundations of markets and democracy. Weingast authored (with Robert Bates, Avner Grief, Margaret Levi, and Jean-Laurent Rosenthal) Analytic Narratives, published in 1998. Weingast is editor, with Kenneth A. Shepsle, of Positive Theories of Congressional Institutions (University of Michigan Press, 1995). Recent publications include: Order, Disorder, and Economic Change: Latin America vs. North America (with Douglas C. North and William Summerhill, 2000); and Pathologies of Federalism, Russian Style: Political Institutions and Economic Transition (with Rui de Rigueiredo). Most recently, he has written on democracy and its failure in twentieth-century Spain, nineteenth-century United States, seventeenth-century England and modern Chile.

Clare Wolfowitz works primarily on projects in Indonesia and with the Programs and Policy Coordination office of USAID. She also performs research, writing and editing for other IRIS Center projects as needed. Ms Wolfowitz edited IRIS’s recently published Market Augmenting Governance, and she worked closely with the Indonesia and Outreach teams on the IRISUSAID CD-ROM on Strengthening Regional University Capacity in Indonesia. Before coming to IRIS, Dr Wolfowitz taught courses in sociolinguistics and social change at the John Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies, the Johns Hopkins School of Continuing Education and Georgetown University School of Languages and Linguistics. She participates in many civic activities during her free time, currently serving as Chairperson of the B-CC Community Scholarship Awards at Bethesda-Chevy Chase High School.

Dennis Wood is a lawyer and an economist who specializes in policy analysis and institutional reform in developing countries. He has served as Chief of Party for the Job Opportunities and Business Support (JOBS) Project in Bangladesh, Director of IRIS’s program in Indonesia, and Director of IRIS’s $25 million SEGIR-LIR IQC. Dr. Wood has also worked on public and private sector issues for the World Bank, USAID and private firms in the U.S., Africa, Asia and Latin America. He served in the White House, the Executive Office of the President of the United States, the U.S. Department of State in Washington, D.C., on the staff of Arthur D. Little, Inc. in Cambridge, Massachusetts and with Devres, Inc. Dr. Wood was an elected member of the Council of the Town of Chevy Chase, MD for 12 years, including two years as Mayor. He is a member of the Bar in Massachusetts and Washington, D.C.

Clifford Zinnes is currently the director of research coordination at IRIS. He is also affiliate faculty at the Maryland School of Public Affairs. As an economic policy advisor specializing in the environmental sustainability of economic reform, he has worked in over twenty countries on five continents. Formerly a Lecturer in Public Policy at the Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, during the 1990s he was also an Institute Associate at the Harvard Institute for International Development, where he spent five years in Romania as a senior policy advisor to the ministers of Reform, Privatization, European Integration, and Environment. Over this period he co-authored many laws in the country on privatization, environmental protection, and water, as well as restructuring its water utilities and environmental protection regulatory agencies. In the environment field, Dr Zinnes has published papers on economic instrument design, valuation, trade, the effect of ownership structure on regulatory compliance, and regulation.